Accounting Conventions
Accounting conventions define the rules that are used by companies to compile financial statements. They ensure that results are comparable year after year. This consistency also helps managers evaluate discrepancies and set more achievable goals. The intent of the conventions is to promote accuracy and reliability in financial statements, as well as effective decision making among users.
One of the most important conventions in accounting is the materiality principle, which requires that all material items be included in transactions. Financial data that does not reflect the actual cost of a product or service is often inaccurate. Accounting conventions help avoid manipulation by ensuring that financial data is recorded fairly. If financial data is misrepresented, a company can lose credibility if it fails to follow these standards.
Another convention is conservatism, which is the practice of considering the worst case scenario in the process of accounting. While this may seem counterproductive, it is a useful convention when preparing financial statements. When a business has to deal with a particular type of transaction that is not fully addressed by the existing accounting standards, it is important to follow the conventions in order to avoid discrepancies in financial statements.
Another convention is conservatism, which requires accountants to record a lower value for assets than is actually realized. This convention helps companies reduce the potential losses that may arise from a transaction and enhances the accuracy of their financial statements. Accounting conservatives may also apply to the valuation of inventory, which is usually valued at the lower of historical cost or replacement cost.
The materiality convention requires a high degree of judgment when preparing financial statements. By making certain that only material facts are recorded, an investor can make a more informed decision. It also mandates the preparation of accounting records with great care and attention to detail. It also imposes the responsibility on the accountant to ensure that nothing is missed, which is why they must be diligent.
Another important accounting convention is that a company should disclose all material information in its financial statements. The purpose of this disclosure is to help readers compare the financial statements with other companies and analyze their performance over time. The objective is to make the financial statements as accurate and comprehensive as possible, and to ensure that they have all the information needed by investors.
An accounting convention is an agreed upon method for recording business transactions. It is the foundation of financial statements. Every transaction is recorded in two accounts. A credit increases the liability account while a debit decreases the equity account. Accounting conventions are based on the different accounting practices. These conventions can be set by different bodies or organizations.
